-Within group: underestimate differences within groups, view their group as heterogeneous /StructParents 5 >> /Length 2864 /Contents [46 0 R 47 0 R 48 0 R 49 0 R 50 0 R] -low education, income, and occupational status makes them to be at a greater risk for prejudice and willingness to resort to violence. 611 500 556 722 0 0 0 556 0 0 /BM /Normal >> /F1 21 0 R 62 0 R 63 0 R 64 0 R 65 0 R 66 0 R 67 0 R 68 0 R 69 0 R 70 0 R 71 0 R Transcribed image text: Question 33 (Mandatory) (1 point) The perspective that our needs, values, or goals at a given time impact our categorization of other people is known as the view. membership. What is social loafing? naive scientist vs cognitive miser - canorthrup.com Naive scientist b. /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] << >> Overview cognitive miser Quick Reference An interpretation of stereotypes as psychological mechanisms that economize on the time and effort spent on information processing by simplifying social reality, which would otherwise overwhelm our cognitive capacities with its complexity. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI] -Reduced hostility by engaging both groups in activities together, require them to accomplish certain goals. [33] People apply a number of shortcuts or heuristics in making judgements about the likelihood of an event, because the rapid answers provided by heuristics are often right. Kruglanski said people are flexible social thinkers who choose between multiple cognitive strategies based on current goals or needs, people are motivated tacticians. 500 500 333 389 278 500 500 722 500 500 They would rather rely on heuristics and shortcuts to make decisions. System 1 always operates automatically, with our easiest shortcut but often with error. It will enhance any encyclopedic page you visit with the magic of the WIKI 2 technology. << /Footnote /Note how many defining category features they have), Person schema: individualised knowledge structures aboutspecific people (e.g. If there were many suppliers of diamonds, what would be the price and quantity? That is, habitual cooperators assume most of the others as cooperators, and habitual defectors assume most of the others as defectors. Heuristics are one way that we save resources. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI] /Parent 2 0 R %PDF-1.5 What is the purpose of the accounting cycle? Suppose that the marginal cost of mining diamonds is constant at $1,000 per diamond, and the demand for diamonds is described by the following schedule: PriceQuantity$8,0005,000diamonds7,0006,0006,0007,0005,0008,0004,0009,0003,00010,0002,00011,0001,00012,000\begin{array}{rl} 11 0 obj /Contents 42 0 R >> /ExtGState << schemas create theories about how features go together and why, helps determine category membership, expertise affects the way we classify objects, classifying things according to how similar they are to the typical case, example of representativeness heuristic in medicine, the medicine should look like the disease eat bats for blindness, failure to recognize the the co-occurrence of two outcomes cannot be greater than the probability of each outcome alone, making judgments about the frequency or likelihood of an event based on the ease with which evidence or examples come to mind, tendency to assume that one has contributed more than their fair share to joint endeavors, spouses and house work In psychology, the human mind is considered to be a cognitive miser due to the tendency of people to think and solve problems in simpler and less effortful ways rather than in more sophisticated and more effortful ways, regardless of intelligence. Dual process theory proposes that there are two types of cognitive processes in human mind. 28 0 obj /F3 23 0 R [15][pageneeded]. 17 0 obj /BaseFont /Times-Bold 12 [337 0 R 338 0 R 339 0 R 340 0 R 341 0 R 342 0 R 343 0 R 344 0 R 345 0 R 346 0 R [35], The theory that human beings are cognitive misers, also shed light on the dualprocesstheory in psychology. /Contents 38 0 R ORDER EFFECTS: order in which information about person is presented can have profound impact on impression, Primacy: information presented first disproportionately influenceimpression (stronger & more common). /GS8 28 0 R Ex) slightly unprejudiced becomes less prejudiced and vice versa. stream What is what? 722 333 389 722 611 889 722 722 556 722 [15] Fiske and Taylor, building upon the prevalence of heuristics in human cognition, offered their theory of the cognitive miser. That is, habitual cooperators assume most of the others as cooperators, and habitual defectors assume most of the others as defectors. endobj CallUrl('www>macmillanihe>com /S /Part Rectilinear motion The height above ground (in feet) of a ball thrown vertically into the air is given by. Find out how you can intelligently organize your Flashcards. This perspective assumes that detailed, deliberate processing is costly or expensive in terms of psychological resources, and our resource capacity is limited. >> [38] In Fiske's subsequent research, the omission of the role of intent in the metaphor of cognitive miser is recognized. >> [2] According to this theory, people employ either shortcuts or thoughtful analysis based upon the context and salience of a particular issue. Question 7 15 15 points what general approach to [2], The metaphor of the cognitive miser assumes that the human mind is limited in time, knowledge, attention, and cognitive resources. Distinguish between a durable consumer good and a nondurable consumer good. Cram has partnered with the National Tutoring Association, Social Psychology: Bringing It All Together, Summative (additive model): the valence of all traits are summed, Averaging: the valence of all traits are averaged, Weighted averaging: the valence of all traits are first weighted (based on the importance of the variable within the context) and then averaged regarded as the, People may sense the world similarly, but perceive it differently. endobj /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] Essentially, they ask themselves this: "Based on what I know about the candidate personally, what is the probability that this presidential candidate was a good governor? Pennycook . /CS /DeviceRGB [9][pageneeded]. >> /F4 24 0 R *p ~02Q*PGZxO`'HiY<6\Ud"I$;4L`cp{-Yl o /GS8 28 0 R Unfortunately for this moral responsibility refuge, natural science has now scouted this cognitive corner. >> -Dissonance: being aware of bad behaviors, conflicting behaviors or beliefs. % [24], Lack of public support towards emerging techniques are commonly attributed to lack of relevant information and the low scientific literacy among the public. /Resources << Narcissism Individual differences variable character ized by extremely high but insecure levels of self-esteem. ->Eastern: connectedness, harmony, commonality, holistic thinking, duties and obligations. [30] Further, people spend less cognitive effort in buying toothpaste than they do when picking a new car, and that difference in information-seeking is largely a function of the costs.[31]. >> /Type /Font /F2 22 0 R -Participants administered at least some shocks and 62% showed complete obedience, administering all the shocks, -State of mind where someone believes in absolute obedience or submission to one's own authority as well as oppressing subordinates. /F4 24 0 R 83 0 R 84 0 R 85 0 R 86 0 R 87 0 R 88 0 R 89 0 R 90 0 R] [9][pageneeded] Some of these heuristics include: The frequency with which Kahneman and Tversky and other attribution researchers found the individuals employed mental shortcuts to make decisions and assessments laid important groundwork for the overarching idea that individuals and their minds act efficiently instead of analytically. The last chapter ended with a new model of the social knower, able to function strategically as either naive scientist or cognitive miser. The cognitive miser theory is an . If people are viewed as consistency-seekers, then their cognition is influenced by: Subjective inconsistency Objective inconsistency Attributional inconsistency A and C 11. Fiske and Taylor argue that acting as cognitive misers is rational due to the sheer volume and intensity of information and stimuli humans intake. Dual process theory proposes that there are two types of cognitive processes in human mind. << /Parent 2 0 R /Annots [34 0 R] /Textbox /Sect How does a "cognitive miser" reason? /Type /Group /F3 23 0 R [18] However, in relying upon heuristics instead of detailed analysis, like the information processing employed by Heider's nave scientist, biased information processing is more likely to occur. [2] [20] Given the limited information processing capabilities of individuals, people are always trying to adopt strategies that simplify complex problems. -When alone, when a situation is physically dangerous for the victim. Exemplar view: representation is set of examples of members. << [5][page needed] CallUrl('en>wikipedia>org> [2] [3] The term cognitive miser was first introduced by Susan Fiske and Shelley Taylor in 1984. << -Not enough information: one-shot exposure, fundamental attribution error (the person's fault not ours). 214 0 R 215 0 R 216 0 R 217 0 R] others. /ExtGState << As cognitive simplification, it is useful for realistic economic management, otherwise people will be overwhelmed by the complexity of the real rationales. /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] Introduce and define the consistency seeker, nave scientist, /Type /Page Who is Kurt Lewin & what is "Action Research? /GS7 27 0 R >> /Tabs /S as. /ExtGState << -Between groups: overestimate differences, view the other groups as more homogeneous. too much on mibd = heuristics 3) importance - heuristics better for estimates, if decison is important become a naive scientist 4) information level - if have all necessary info = become naive scientist -A model that accounts for the two basic ways that attitude change occurs - with and without much thought. /Pages 2 0 R /Tabs /S Cognitive miser - Wikiwand %PDF-1.4 /F4 24 0 R Naive scientist Cognitive miser A and B we want consistency between prior beliefs about the world and our interpretations of new situations, individuals gather relevant information un-selectively and construct social reality in an unbiased way, strives to simplify cognitive process specifically under time pressure, many strategies depending on the situation important -> naive scientist, a class of objects that we believe belong together, schema can be defined by list of necessary and sufficient attributes, hard to specify defining features/members vary a great deal in their typically/ some cases are unclear, categories are organized around attibutes that are only characteristic of the category; they don't define it, prototype view- representation is abstracted list of most characteristic feature /CS /DeviceRGB This kind of categorical thinking give meaning to social stimuli under adverse or difficult processing conditions.[40]. In this sense, effective communication can be achieved if media provide audiences with cognitive shortcuts or heuristics that are resonate with underlying audience schemata. Congratulations on this excellent venture what a great idea! Social cognition// Heuristics Flashcards by Ellie Brown - Brainscape >> << >> What characterizes the central route and what kinds of decisions are involved? /Font << 2011 . Essentially, they ask themselves this: "Based on what I know about the candidate personally, what is the probability that this presidential candidate was a good governor? >> /F6 26 0 R As cognitive simplification, it is useful for realistic economic management, otherwise people will be overwhelmed by the complexity of the real rationales. To reduce prejudice, what situations need to be established? In addition to streamlining cognition in complicated, analytical tasks, the cognitive miser approach is also used when dealing with unfamiliar issues and issues of great importance. However, other psychologists also argue that the cognitively miserly tendency of humans is a primary reason why "humans are often less than rational". What is social facilitation? -automatic responses, eye contact, speech problems, etc, -Minimal intergroup paradigm: the minimal conditions required for discrimination to occur between groups. -In group: (us) Attempting to observe things freshly and in detail is mentally exhausting, especially among busy affairs. What is deindividuation? How can group work be designed to enhance performance and minimize social loafing? What are behavioral consequences of the threat of isolation? /CS /DeviceRGB Which of the following is a theoretical example of a consistency seeker model of social cognition? -1 in 5 people exhibit racist attitudes, MODERN: cognitive /CS /DeviceRGB [2] [3] The term cognitive miser was first introduced by Susan Fiske and Shelley Taylor in 1984. /BaseFont /Times-Roman endobj /GS8 28 0 R << /S /Transparency /ca 1 ETSU Online Programs - http://www.etsu.edu/onlineModule 4 - Social Psychology: Cognitive Misers, Schemas, & Social CognitionMOD 04 EP 15 -Participants were with a confederate where the participant took on the role of a teacher and the confederate a student, they had to administer increasingly painful shocks in response to wrong answers, if they hesitated the experimenter encouraged them to continue -Foot in the door: have someone respond positively to a small request, then to a large one How did Milgram study obedience? >> The basic principle is to save mental energy as much as possible, even when it is required to "use your head". -Responses varied across cultures /CS /DeviceRGB What characteristics of the messenger increase persuasiveness? /Type /Group 149 0 R 150 0 R 151 0 R 152 0 R 153 0 R 154 0 R 155 0 R 156 0 R 157 0 R 158 0 R Gordon . /Subject (Social Cognition From Brains to Culture 2nd Edition Fiske Test BankInstant Download) Explain Naive Scientist: NAIVE SCIENTIST: people use rational scientific-like cause-effectanalyses to understand the world . New York . What is in-group bias? /F4 24 0 R -Ethic of social responsibility: being the target is frustrating /S /Transparency Sie suchen nach einem 70413 lego, das Ihren Ansprchen gerecht wird? 13 0 obj /MarkInfo << /F1 21 0 R /Resources << [2][34] Yet certain pitfalls may be neglected in these shortcuts. [24], Lack of public support towards emerging techniques are commonly attributed to lack of relevant information and the low scientific literacy among the public. 8 0 obj /FirstChar 32 What is the "foot-in-the-door" technique? >> Attempting to observe things freshly and in detail is mentally exhausting, especially among busy affairs. /GS7 27 0 R /Type /Font What kinds of reasoning errors occur when the observer doesn't have enough information? << /CS /DeviceRGB 14 0 obj [4] Usually people do not think rationally or cautiously, but use cognitive shortcuts to make inferences and form judgments. /StructTreeRoot 3 0 R /Resources << >> /Count 13 >> ->Inuit: low food accumulating, took risks, less conformity The metaphor of cognitive misers could assist people in drawing lessons from risks, which is the possibility that an undesirable state of reality may occur. 1) time - short of time = use cog. attribution theory participants can and do use complex systems but only under category based and other attribute based, on this continuum people can be perceived >> /Nums [0 [52 0 R 53 0 R 54 0 R 55 0 R 56 0 R 57 0 R 58 0 R 59 0 R 60 0 R 61 0 R This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. /F4 24 0 R >> >> /Font << 0 0 0 0 0 500 0 444 500 444 9 Signs You May Be a Cognitive Miser - Psychology Today [2] In other words, humans are more inclined to act as cognitive misers using mental short cuts to make assessments and decisions, about issues and ideas about which they know very little as well as issues of great salience.

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