[43] True abolition and true liberation, in Douglasss understanding, required the restoration of slaves property rights, not the elimination of all others property. A reason makes someone care and tells the importance of the claim and the argument. Douglass says that laws in the South are anti-black. jim preston mchenry, il obituary. Douglasss new office as editor broadened his education as an abolitionist, and over the next few years, his differences with his erstwhile mentors grew more pronounced. How might a group of people denounce a government policy? A counterclaim is the argument opposing the author's claim. The body of the essay is three paragraphs and contains the author's reasoning, evidence, and counterclaims. A counterclaim is the argument (or one of the arguments) opposing your thesis statement. To find an adequate measure of compensation for any wrong, Douglass explained, we must first ascertain the nature and extent of the wrong itself. The extent of the wrongs of slavery over hundreds of years simply beggared any possible response. The reasons can also be thought of as the "why" behind a claim. athenaeum club southend membership fees. In his efforts to cultivate a respect for and proper understanding of the natural right of property, Douglass was laboring for a cause he considered vital both to Americas moral and political culture and to the liberation and elevation of black Americans in particular. In your argument for a new cell phone, your mom stands on the other side. 2. If someone conceded a point, did he or she continue to argue against it? To correct this historical record is at once an intellectual, a civic, and a moral imperative, but to reaffirm the old integrationist faith in Americas principles and institutions, it is necessary (if not sufficient) to recover the Founders actual opinions about slavery and race. Over one hundred years after Frederick Douglasss death, this teaching has lost none of its essential vitality. We want [the voting right], Douglass explained in his most extended discussion of the question, because it is our right, first of all. A claim tells what you think is true about a topic based on your knowledge and your research. Common Core ELA Grade 8 - Writing: Standards, Writing Arguments: CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.8.1, How to Support Your Claims in Writing With Reasoning and Evidence, Psychological Research & Experimental Design, All Teacher Certification Test Prep Courses. A counterclaim is the argument opposing the author's claim. IV, pp. Post comments: direct characterization of clarisse fahrenheit 451 direct characterization of clarisse fahrenheit 451 The Union victory signified, for Douglass, much more than the defeat of one particular rebellion and more, too, than the defeat of the troublesome particular doctrines that inspired that rebellion. Now you turnthe opposing point of view, evidence, and analysis back to support your thesis statement. 790, 795797. Covey as an event that "revived within me a sense of my own manhood". The voting right was, for Douglass, the keystone of the arch of human liberty, as it was the primary, indispensable means of guarding every other right. Religion and intellectual inferiority were concepts that were used to manipulate the minds of everyone around into believing that practicing slavery was acceptable. It means light and liberty. and the excerpt from Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass Explanation, insight, example, logic to support the counterclaim evidence, Still, However, But, Nevertheless, Yet, Despite, Although, Even though, this argument, this position, this reasoning, this evidence, this view. eNotes.com will help you with any book or any question. This is an effective counterclaim because it disagrees with the claim (stating that it should not be banned) and provides reasoning that disproves it (that it provides closure). to confirm your understanding of the speech. Nevertheless, his speech does make an argument. 2017-12-11 03:56:25. A counterclaim is an argument that argues in opposition to the author's claim. To the contrary, it was a hard-won achievement, and as such, it contains valuable lessons for all Americans and especially for those who, like the young Douglass himself, find themselves dispirited about their place and prospects in their country. Some of his works are obvious and others are a bit harder to see. Get unlimited access to over 88,000 lessons. [If] the Negro cannot stand on his own legs, let him fall. I have no country. He could feel no attachment to America, he explained, for reasons that ran deeper than the countrys unjust practices. If you're ever going to convince your mom to get that new cell phone that's just perfect for you, you're going to have to move beyond mere opinions. parentheses that agrees with the subject. how does douglass refute this counterclaim? A good conclusion for an argumentative essay should address at least one of the following: What implications does the argument have for various stakeholders? Following this lesson, you should be able to: To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. I will also contrast how Douglass' view was very similar to that of the women in antebellum America, and the role that Christianity played in his life as a slave and then. Argumentative Writing - ELA.8.C.1.3: Write to argue a position, supporting at least one claim and rebutting at least one counterclaim with logical reasoning, credible evidence from sources . The main purpose of a counterclaim is to address the opposite side of the argument and provide a rebuttal. [43] Douglass, Property in Soil and Property in Man, November 18, 1848, in Life and Writings, Vol. We are able to explore new ideas and concepts, which leads to more knowledge. [46] See Madison, Property, in Madison: Writings (New York: Library of America, 1999), pp. Viewing it amid the grand course of human events, Douglass saw in the Civil War an event of epochal moral significance. He then state I would at times feel that learning to read had been a curse rather than a blessing. Q&A Expert 3 851 answers 4.8 rating He acknowledges that some can debate him Explanation: Quick expert help Get an expert answer for 15 minutes 4. He taught them through all their hardships to love their country and their future in it. If the author's claim is that organ selling should be legalized, an example of an effective counterclaim would be that organ selling should not be legalized because it can drive up the cost of organ transplants, meaning that only the rich could afford to receive a transplant. An education can open doors that were once closed. Douglasss escape from slavery and eventual freedom are inseparable from his movingly narrated attainment of literacy. What evidence does he use to support his claim?" Finally, answer the question at the bottom of the page. Most urgently, he taught them to reject the spirit of alienation, which he saw as the greatest danger to any peoples liberation and elevation. Slavery has been around since the 1700s, but the subject of slavery is controversial because it not only includes information written from former slaves, but information acquired from historians. While Frederick Douglass made some key arguments, he also made common ground to make his . Douglass rejected the various white disintegrationists for obvious reasons, and he rejected the black variants too. Frederick Douglass (1818-1895) was a former slave who became a nationally recognized abolitionist orator during the antebellum period. But it was upon becoming the editor of his own paper that his mind truly quickened. Second, any truly salutary public assistance must also be integrative, not divisive, in its design and effects. 348349 (emphasis in original). V, pp. -his language is different, it proves hes educated, (b) How effective would it be for a modern audience? The effect of abolishing slavery, without conferring equal rights, he contended, would be [to doom] the colored race to a condition indescribably wretched and the dreadful contagion of their vices and crimes would fly like cholera and small pox through all classes. [42] Douglass, Northern Whigs and Democrats, July 7, 1848, in Life and Writings, Vol. The climactic reversal in his youth came when he resolved to resist, and successfully resisted, a cruel slavemasters attempt to whip him. [32] Douglass, What the Black Man Wants, January 1, 1865, in Douglass Papers, Vol. Supporters of the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890 believed that. appalachian school of law shooting victims; private members' clubs london mayfair. What does Frederick Douglass mean when he says "Bread of Knowledge"? Your claim is that you need a new cell phone. Frederick Douglass (1818-1895) was a former slave who became a nationally recognized abolitionist orator during the antebellum period. He condemned not only Americas Government, but also its Constitution for supporting and perpetuating this monstrous system of injustice and blood.[11]. That the salvation of the nation lay in its rededication to them. What country have I? he asked, a member of a race placed outside the protections of law, and answered, I have no patriotism. Douglass presented this speech to an antislavery societyan audience that was already on his side. Knowing that your mom could care less about the newest games, appeal to what she thinks is important - your grades. (a) What main claim shapes Douglass's speech? There are three parts of the structure of an argumentative essay: introduction, body, and conclusion. V, p. 78. https://www.facebook.com/groups/sorliteracyhub, Create Decodable Text with Artificial Intelligence, FREE Diagnostic Reading and ELA Assessments. Douglass saw slavery as a, It is at this time that Frederick Douglass learns one of the greatest freedoms of all. All measures devisedto allay and diminish the antislavery agitation, have only served to increase, intensify, and embolden that agitation.[22]. by | Jun 10, 2022 | flores para iglesia matrimonio | poway high school bell schedule 2021 | Jun 10, 2022 | flores para iglesia matrimonio | poway high school bell schedule 2021 2 - Evidence. in Professional Writing and Rhetoric from the University of New Orleans and a B.A. Plus, each essay includes a detailed analytical (not holistic) rubric for assessment-based learning. In that speech, often considered the greatest of all abolitionist speeches, he excoriated Americas injustices no less vigorously than he ever had, but he took great care to distinguish Americas practice from its first principles and the actions of its subsequent generations from those of its Founders. [13] Douglass, My Bondage and My Freedom, in Autobiographies, p. 392. Get the Writing Style Posters FREE Resource: Grammar/Mechanics, Literacy Centers, Study Skills, Writing argument essay, argumentative essay, common core writing standards, counterargument sentence frames, Counterarguments, Counterclaim and Refutation Sentence Frames, counterclaim sentence frames, counterclaim transitions, Counterclaims, essay argument, essay strategies, Mark Pennington, Opposing Claims, rebut, Rebuttal, Refutation, refute, Teaching Essay Strategies, writing style, and receive a free welcome gift! I know of no country where the conditions for affecting great changes in the settled order of things, for the development of right ideas of liberty and humanity, are more favorable than here in these United States. [5] As Abraham Lincoln and many others have observed, the claim that the Founders regarded blacks or nonwhites as beings lacking equal natural rights is altogether false. Dont pick a straw man. In other words, dont pick a weak opposing argument that is too easy to refute. John W. Blassingame and John R. McKivigan (New Haven: Yale University Press, 19791992), p. 430 (hereinafter Douglass Papers). The arm of the Lord is not shortened, and the doom of slavery is certain.[19] Stronger still was his statement following the Dred Scott ruling: My hopes were never brighter than now. The 1850s witnessed a series of what, to many, must have appeared to be catastrophic setbacks for the abolitionist cause, beginning with the execrated Fugitive Slave Law of 1850, including also the KansasNebraska Act of 1854, and culminating in the Dred Scott ruling in 1857. Slavery not only expropriated the fruits of its victims labor, but also assaulted the moral and mental faculties by which, once freed, they might otherwise have put their labor to profitable and elevating uses. This commitment not only appears in the Preamble, but also reflects a bedrock rule of legal interpretationa rule as old as law itself, Douglass observed, and grounded in the very nature of law, according to which a legal instrument must be construed strictly in favor of liberty and justice.[17], In Douglasss argument, these interpretive principles yielded powerfully anti-slavery results. Counterclaim - a claim for relief made in opposition to, or to offset another person's claim. Douglass made these particular remarks in a speech at the dedication of an industrial education institution in the state of Virginia, but they represent an extension of his broader advocacy, in this period, of a federally established system of public schools. Douglasss sometimes stern emphasis on the virtues of self-reliance and self-elevation does not mean that he had grown insensitive to the magnitude of the difficulties yet to be overcome; nor does it mean that he had resorted to blaming the victim or placing exclusive responsibility on the freedpeople for their condition. How does the struggle for freedom change with history? Frederick. While this quote is from a credible source (Carolina Justice Policy Center) and provides factual evidence, the evidence is not relevant to the specific claim and reasoning provided. Do nothing with us! Latest answer posted August 20, 2009 at 11:51:14 PM. The question that has with stood the test of time is, are these encounters that have been written out, exaggerated or the whole truth and nothing but the truth? In the early 1800s Frederick Douglass was born in Tuckahoe, Maryland, and grew up on Colonial Edward Lloyds plantation. Try refreshing the page, or contact customer support. [62] Abraham Lincoln, Annual Message to Congress, December 1, 1862, in Abraham Lincoln: His Speeches and Writings, ed. Informative_Paragraph.pdf - Name: Kayla Valadez Date: Abigail_Lane_-_Argumentative_Structure-Frederick_Douglass 'My cell phone doesn't have Internet access.'. Would you want to have stolid friends? Criticizethe evidence and analysis of the counterclaimas being unimportant, irrelevant, or a misinterpretation. It must be acknowledged that most of the Founders, with notable exceptions, were not racial integrationists; yet despite their particular doubts, racial integration is a legitimate inference from their principles, as Douglass forcefully argued. The implication was that the agitation that abolitionists had begun could never be finally pacified until slavery was finally abolished. Key Arguments in "The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass", There are a number of key arguments in The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass. Roy P. Basler (Cambridge, Mass. What is remarkable, then, is not that Douglass felt alienated from his country for most of the 1840s, but rather that, by the force of his character and intellect, he overcame this alienation as rapidly and thoroughly as he did. Viewed in its larger significance, the Union victory meant a victory not only over an extreme, implicitly anarchic variant of the state-sovereignty doctrine, but also over the no less pernicious doctrines of sectionalism and racial supremacy. Douglass states that "scorching irony, not convincing argument, is needed." Profoundly aggrieved by that hell-black crime, Douglass yet struggled characteristically to find in it cause for hope. This proclamation changed everything, Douglass later recalled. I have had but one answer from the beginning. Speaking in mid-1863 on the question What shall be done with the Negro? he specified four altogether objectionable responses. [45] The manuscript is available in the Frederick Douglass Papers at the Library of Congress (Speech, Article, and Book File; Miscellany, Folder 7 of 20) and also online at the librarys Douglass Papers Web site, http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/doughtml/doughome.html. Why, or why not? His careful planning paid off in September 1838, when he fled Baltimore disguised as a seaman and made his way ultimately to New Bedford, Massachusetts, where he settled, a newly married man, and took the surname Douglass from the hero in Sir Walter Scotts epic poem The Lady of the Lake. -it allows the student to prove his/her point even further by refuting a misconception. In The Blessings of Slavery, by George Fitzhugh he states that southern slaves for the most part are the freest and happiest people in the world. how does douglass refute this counterclaim? work!!! Fortunately, his master never treated him unkindly, until he was sent to be with a master that was the extreme opposite. V, pp. [1] Martin Luther King, Jr., I Have a Dream, in A Testament of Hope: The Essential Writings and Speeches of Martin Luther King, Jr., ed. These displays of humanity would naturally arouse the sympathy of non-slaveholders, a few of whom at first, and more with the passage of time, would take up the cause of abolition. Your fathers, the fathers of this republic, did, most deliberatelyand with a sublime faith in the great principles of justice and freedom, lay deep the corner-stone of the national superstructure, which has risen and still rises in grandeur around you. how does douglass refute this counterclaim? - piyusharora.com [55] My Bondage and My Freedom, in Autobiographies, p. 287; Douglass, Self-Elevation, in Life and Writings, Vol. For radical critics, Americas betrayals of the ideals of liberty and equality for all are betrayals in the nations founding principles rather than betrayals of them. [41] Address of the Colored National Convention, in Life and Writings, Vol. Slavery, in their view, was simply unconstitutional; the Constitution delegated to the federal government both the right and the duty to abolish slavery immediately, everywhere in the Union.[18]. In paragraph 5, what does Douglass acknowledge as a counterclaim to his The first televised presidential debate took place between John F. Kennedy and Richard Nixon in 1960. The Constitution, as well as the Declaration of Independence, and the sentiments of the founders of the Republic, give us a plat-form broad enough, and strong enough, to support the most comprehensive plans for the freedom and elevation of all the people of this country, without regard to color, class, or clime. In what turned out to be Douglasss most prescient argument, slaverys demise would come about in the following sequence of events. Soon enough after AfricanAmericans gained the vote, Douglass believed, the interests of white politicians and voters would overcome their prejudices; blacks would be courted by the leaders of all parties, and their rights and interests would be recognized in law and policy.[41]. Argumentative essays have a basic structure that allows some room for the author's discretion. Measuring him by the sentiment of his country, a sentiment he was bound as a statesman to consult, he was swift, zealous, radical, and determined. [58] The Blessings of Liberty and Education, in Douglass Papers, Vol. [3] William Jefferson Clinton, Memphis Church of God in Christ Convention Speech, November 13, 1993, at http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/wjclintonmemphis.htm (November 8, 2010). The reason "capital punishment costs taxpayers more than life in prison" answers "why" capital punishment should be banned. Not as Ethiopians, not as Caucasians, not as Mongolians, not as AfroAmericans, or AngloAmerican are we addressed but as men. work!!! Later, he finds out that while the conditions are slightly better there is still a great deal of injustice. Douglass wanted to show his opposition to slavery and knew he would meet many criticisms. Wiki User. For its first 18 months, Douglass found in Lincolns presidency mostly a confirmation of his doubts. Philip S. Foner (New York: International Publishers, 195075), p. 236 (hereinafter Life and Writings). II, p. 375. His life was transformed yet again in August 1841, when the nations foremost abolitionist, William Lloyd Garrison, heard him speak at meetings in New Bedford and Nantucket, Massachusetts, and promptly offered him a position as a lecturer for the Massachusetts Anti-Slavery Society. What I ask for the negro, he explained in 1865, is not benevolence, not pity, not sympathy, but simply justice.[48]. [28] Douglass, Address on the Twentieth Anniversary of Emancipation, April 16, 1883, in Douglass Papers, Vol. Start your 48-hour free trial to get access to more than 30,000 additional guides and more than 350,000 Homework Help questions answered by our experts. What was Douglass's purpose in writing his Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave? To be deprived of the vote in America, or in any democracy, he continued, is to suffer a double injustice. Without it, black Americans would remain all too often outside the protection of law, dependent for their rights on white officeholders who lacked any electoral incentive to represent them. Kimberly has taught Reading/Language Arts to intermediate and middle school students and holds a Master's Degree. James Madison, the commonly acknowledged Father of the Constitution, in a speech at the Constitutional Convention denounced slavery grounded in the mere distinction of colour as the most oppressive dominion ever exercised by man over man.[6] Likewise, Thomas Jefferson, the principal author of the Declaration of Independence, in his original draft of that document denounced slavery (not only the slave trade) as a cruel war against human naturean institution creating and depending on a market, he emphasized to excite outrage in his readers, where MEN should be bought & sold. All the major figures of the Founding forwarded similar denunciations of slavery. how does douglass refute this counterclaim? Such practices implicated southern white landowners in a conspiracy to refrain from selling land to black would-be buyers and to compensate black laborers only by means that prevented them from accumulating any savings. His final break with Garrison came in 1851, when he announced that he had come to reject the core Garrisonian doctrine that the U.S. Constitution was a pro-slavery instrument. 364365. 556, 569. The proper remedy for these violations, as he conceived of it, was in accord with this conviction. (b) Up to that point, what evidence has he presented to support his claim? In the book called The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, he attempts to shine light on the American Slave system in the 1800s. In response, however, influential scholars and activists have embraced a radical critique of America that is much more likely to worsen those problems than it is to resolve them. Are there predictions to be made about future developments of this issue? No words, no tears, no prayers, from his gory victim, seemed to move his iron heart from its bloody purpose. In all this talk of race, the motive may be good, but the method is bad. Douglass gives detailed anecdotes of his and others experience with the institution of slavery to reveal the hidden horrors. Introduction (1 paragraph that contains the claim), Body Paragraphs (3 paragraphs that contain the reasons, evidence, and counterclaims), Conclusion (sums up the entire argument and provides a look to the future), Describe the four main parts of an argument, Explain why it is important to develop each of these parts in an argument. Evidence is sourced facts, statistics, data, or quoted experts the author uses to provide factual support for their claims and reasoning. A claim of cause and effect is a claim that one thing influences or affects another. All of the violence and the degradation was intended, Douglass makes clear, to rob African-Americans of their humanity. 1. It is very clear that Douglass wants us as readers understand the true humanity of him and other slaves and wants to show the extent to which perceptions of inequality are flawed. how does douglass refute this counterclaim? - laque.com.my Is there a solution for how to address or resolve the issue going forward? In August 1845, two months after his book was published, Douglass fled to Great Britain, where his speeches won him international fame. 9, Sala 89, Brusque, SC, 88355-20. It was specifically on grounds of reparative justice that he urged support of one particular federal public-education proposal, a bill put forward by Senator Henry Blair of New Hampshire. Typifying a view of the Founding now common among scholars of race are remarks by Justice Thurgood Marshall, the first AfricanAmerican Supreme Court Justice and a hero of the legal struggle that paved the way for the Civil Rights Era. Log in here. The fact is, Douglass observed as he reviewed the succession of failed attempts to quiet the controversy over slavery, the more the question has been settled, the more it has needed settling. What counterclaim does Douglass address in his dpeech in From - Answers Because they can defend for theirselves, their thoughts, and beliefs, Give an example of a disparity that you have noticed between two groups This provides more room to address the counterclaim and apply a rebuttal of the counterclaim. ete the task. The principles of natural human rights set forth in the Declaration of Independence, Douglass was convinced, represent a permanent, universal truth as well as the most practically powerful moral and political theory ever conceived. That Douglass sympathized, for a period in his youth, with anti-America radicalism is hardly surprising. [26] Douglass, Life and Times of Frederick Douglass, in Frederick Douglass: Autobiographies, pp. Due to this criticism, he had to mask much of his work with irony. [57] Douglass, Schools Are a Common Platform of Nationality, May 9, 1872, in Douglass Papers, Vol. If you've ever watched a detective show, then you know evidence. Another way to organize the body of the essay is to spend two paragraphs discussing reasons and providing evidence for support and using the third body paragraph to address a counterclaim. Evaluating an Argument Guidelines & Examples | What is an Argument? how does douglass refute this counterclaim? Pro-slavery whites pointed out that black people, when questioned, said they were happy with their situation. He talks of the ways in which black men and women struggle to hold their families together, and the importance of music as a way to express deep sadness. 117118. Soon thereafter, Frederick Douglass uses some smart tactics to resume his learning. As he renewed his labors for justice and progress for the freedpeople, Douglass had to confront a nettlesome question, lingering in the minds even of many anti-slavery whites, that had long obstructed the abolitionist cause. The broadest and bitterest of the black mans misfortunes is the fact that he is everywhere regarded and treated as an exception to the principles and maxims which apply to other men.[35], In its concrete applications, Douglasss principle of fair play meant first that the white majority must refrain from various courses of action whereby it might be tempted to evade rather than to resolve properly the problem of race relations.

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